امراض الجهاز الهضمي للاطفال ٢٠١٨

Discussion on the familiarity with the GI tract and nutrition, ranging from filet mignon to Twinkies and the process of digestion leading to excretion.

Overview of symptoms and functional disorders related to the GI tract, including vomiting and diagnostic approaches.

Exploration of vomiting as a symptom and considerations for various causes such as obstructions, reflux, and achalasia.

Discussion on chronic vomiting in children, diagnostic approach starting with ultrasound, and considerations for cyclic vomiting syndrome.

Evaluation of abdominal pain in adolescents with considerations for causes like trauma, hernias, and GI bleeding.

Overview of constipation, including common causes, symptoms, and considerations for treatment and management.

Explanation of various esophageal disorders, including esophageal atresia, reflux, and esophageal infections.

Discussion on Meckel's diverticulum, its association with GI bleeding, and diagnostic considerations.

Discusses various metabolic disorders such as acidosis, transport defects, short bowel problems, celiac disease, gluten intolerance, Crohn's disease, Whipple disease, appendicitis, and more.

Explains the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, associated autoimmune diseases, and treatment of celiac disease.

Covers the diagnosis, treatment, and management of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Discusses anorectal malformations, perianal fistula, rectal urethral fistula, and other conditions related to the anorectal region.

Details various liver disorders such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and genetic liver conditions like Gilbert's syndrome and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Explanation of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, its link to liver disease, genetics involved, enzyme involvement, progression to liver failure, and lung breakdown.

Discussion on Wilson's disease, a disease of copper accumulation, its toxicity effects, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment through chelation therapy, low copper diet, and zinc supplements.

Overview of hemochromatosis, excessive iron storage disease, its hereditary form, neonatal presentation, symptoms, and treatment options including iron chelation therapy.

Explanation of PFIC, bile transport defects, genetics involved, symptoms such as cholestasis and elevated GGT levels, and treatment options including ursodeoxycholic acid.

Discussion on acetaminophen toxicity, dose-dependent effects, antidote (N-acetylcysteine), and its use in children with liver disease compared to other drugs.

Overview of autoimmune hepatitis, its types, antibodies involved, presentation, family history association, and treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

Description of NAFLD in children, presentation, diagnostic tests, progression to NASH and cirrhosis, concerns regarding liver transplantation, and emphasis on weight loss and exercise as effective treatments.

Discussion on biliary atresia, its presentation in neonates, diagnostic tests, Kasai procedure, need for liver transplantation, complications such as cholangitis, and association with other anomalies like sickle cell disease.

Overview of gallstones in children, incidental findings, absence of liver disease symptoms, cholecystitis in transplanted children, and rare occurrences.

Brief information on rare liver tumors in children, including hepatoblastoma, liver teratoma, and functional abdominal pain causes such as functional constipation.