Propiedades Coligativas

Q: What are constitutive properties of chemical solutions?

A: Constitutive properties of chemical solutions are inherent properties like density and viscosity that are independent of the quantity of the substance present.

Q: Can you explain boiling point elevation as a collective property of solutions?

A: Boiling point elevation is the phenomenon where the boiling point of a solution is higher than that of the pure solvent, caused by the presence of a solute in the solvent.

Q: How does adding a non-volatile solute affect vapor pressure in a solution?

A: Adding a non-volatile solute decreases the vapor pressure of the solution compared to the pure solvent due to the reduction in the number of solvent molecules available to escape into the gas phase.

Q: What is the mathematical expression for determining the decrease in vapor pressure when a solute is added to a solvent?

A: The mathematical expression for determining the decrease in vapor pressure is given by Raoult's Law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution.

Q: Define freezing point depression in a solution with a non-volatile solute.

A: Freezing point depression is the phenomenon where the freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent, caused by the presence of a non-volatile solute in the solvent.

Q: How is boiling point elevation in a solution calculated?

A: Boiling point elevation in a solution can be calculated using the formula: ∆Tb = i*Kb*m, where ∆Tb is the elevation in boiling point, i is the van't Hoff factor, Kb is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Q: What is osmotic pressure in solutions and how is it calculated?

A: Osmotic pressure in solutions is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane due to differences in solute concentration. It is calculated using the formula: Π = i*M*R*T, where Π is osmotic pressure, i is the van't Hoff factor, M is the molarity of the solution, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Q: What are some applications of collective properties of solutions?

A: Some applications include determining the molecular weight of a solute, studying osmosis in biological systems, and preparing antifreeze solutions for automotive applications.